The Most Famous

PHYSICIANS from Russia

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This page contains a list of the greatest Russian Physicians. The pantheon dataset contains 726 Physicians, 11 of which were born in Russia. This makes Russia the birth place of the 12th most number of Physicians behind Japan, and Spain.

Top 10

The following people are considered by Pantheon to be the top 10 most legendary Russian Physicians of all time. This list of famous Russian Physicians is sorted by HPI (Historical Popularity Index), a metric that aggregates information on a biography’s online popularity. Visit the rankings page to view the entire list of Russian Physicians.

Photo of Leonid Rogozov

1. Leonid Rogozov (1934 - 2000)

With an HPI of 59.91, Leonid Rogozov is the most famous Russian Physician.  His biography has been translated into 24 different languages on wikipedia.

Leonid Ivanovich Rogozov (Russian: Леони́д Ива́нович Ро́гозов; 14 March 1934 – 21 September 2000) was a Soviet general practitioner who took part in the sixth Soviet Antarctic Expedition, 1960–1961. In April 1961 he had developed appendicitis while at Novolazarevskaya Station, and being the only medical professional there at the time, had to perform his own appendectomy.

Photo of Vera Weizmann

2. Vera Weizmann (1881 - 1966)

With an HPI of 56.55, Vera Weizmann is the 2nd most famous Russian Physician.  Her biography has been translated into 19 different languages.

Vera Weizmann (née Chatzman) (Hebrew: ורה ויצמן; November 27, 1881 – September 24, 1966), wife of Chaim Weizmann, the first president of the State of Israel, was a medical doctor and a Zionist activist.

Photo of Eugene Botkin

3. Eugene Botkin (1865 - 1918)

With an HPI of 54.81, Eugene Botkin is the 3rd most famous Russian Physician.  His biography has been translated into 19 different languages.

Yevgeny Sergeyevich Botkin (Russian: Евгений Сергеевич Боткин; 27 March 1865 – 17 July 1918), commonly known as Eugene Botkin, was the court physician since 1908 for Tsar Nicholas II and Tsarina Alexandra. He sometimes treated the Tsarevich Alexei Nikolaevich of Russia for haemophilia-related complications, like in Spala in 1912. Following the Russian Revolution of 1917, Botkin went into exile with the Romanov family, accompanying them to Tobolsk and Yekaterinburg in Siberia. He was murdered with the Imperial family by guards on 17 July 1918. Like the Romanov family, Botkin was canonised in 1981 as a New Martyr by the Russian Orthodox Church Outside of Russia. In 2000, the Russian Orthodox Church canonised the Romanov family as passion bearers. On 3 February 2016, the Bishop's Council of the Russian Orthodox Church canonised Botkin as Righteous Passion-Bearer Yevgeny the Physician.

Photo of Nikolai Korotkov

4. Nikolai Korotkov (1874 - 1920)

With an HPI of 54.61, Nikolai Korotkov is the 4th most famous Russian Physician.  His biography has been translated into 18 different languages.

Nikolai Sergeyevich Korotkov, also Korotkoff (Russian: Никола́й Серге́евич Коротко́в; 26 February [O.S. 14 February] 1874 – 14 March 1920) was a Russian surgeon, a pioneer of 20th-century vascular surgery, and the inventor of auscultatory technique for blood pressure measurement.

Photo of Vladimir Filatov

5. Vladimir Filatov (1875 - 1956)

With an HPI of 51.91, Vladimir Filatov is the 5th most famous Russian Physician.  His biography has been translated into 17 different languages.

Vladimir Petrovich Filatov (Russian: Владимир Петрович Филaтoв, 27 February [O.S. 15 February] 1875 – 30 October 1956) was a Russian Empire and Soviet ophthalmologist and surgeon best known for his development of tissue therapy. He introduced the tube flap grafting method, corneal transplantation and preservation of grafts from cadaver eyes. He founded the Institute of Eye Diseases & Tissue Therapy in Odessa, Soviet Union (today Ukraine). Filatov is also credited for restoring Vasily Zaytsev's sight when he suffered an injury to his eyes from a mortar attack during Battle of Stalingrad. The first corneal transplantation was attempted by Filatov on 28 February 1912, but the graft grew opaque. After numerous attempts over the course of many years, Filatov achieved a successful transplantation of cornea from a diseased person on 6 May 1931. Throughout his life, Filatov made no secret of the fact that he was a faithful Orthodox Christian. The Communist Party honoured him for his medical work, but pretended not to notice his faith. A large group of official representatives from the Kremlin came for his funeral, which was to be a majestic affair, ending with the bier being burned. His widow asked that his will be read out in front of everyone. He asked for an Orthodox funeral conducted by a bishop, and he wanted to be buried, with the tomb stone proclaiming "I look for the resurrection of the dead." The Kremlin gave permission for his wishes to be fulfilled. After Filatov's death in 1956, his apprentice Nadezhda Puchkovskaya led the Institute of Eye Diseases & Tissue Therapy in Odessa, which was renamed in honour of Filatov as The Filatov Institute of Eye Diseases & Tissue Therapy.

Photo of Sergey Botkin

6. Sergey Botkin (1832 - 1889)

With an HPI of 50.55, Sergey Botkin is the 6th most famous Russian Physician.  His biography has been translated into 21 different languages.

Sergey Petrovich Botkin (Russian: Серге́й Петро́вич Бо́ткин; 5 September 1832 – 12 December 1889) was a Russian clinician, therapist, and activist, one of the founders of modern Russian medical science and education. He introduced triage, pathological anatomy, and post mortem diagnostics into Russian medical practice.

Photo of Nikolai Semashko

7. Nikolai Semashko (1874 - 1949)

With an HPI of 49.71, Nikolai Semashko is the 7th most famous Russian Physician.  His biography has been translated into 16 different languages.

Dr. Nikolai Aleksandrovich Semashko (Russian: Никола́й Алекса́ндрович Сема́шко; 20 September [O.S. 8 September] 1874 – 18 May 1949), was a revolutionary, Soviet statesman and academic who became People's Commissar of Public Health in 1918, and served in that role until 1930. He was one of the organizers of the health system in the Soviet Union (often called the Semashko system), an academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences (1944) and of the Russian SFSR (1945).

Photo of Nikolay Burdenko

8. Nikolay Burdenko (1876 - 1946)

With an HPI of 48.48, Nikolay Burdenko is the 8th most famous Russian Physician.  Her biography has been translated into 18 different languages.

Nikolay Nilovich Burdenko (Russian: Николай Нилович Бурденко; 22 May [O.S. 3 June] 1876 – 11 November 1946) was a Russian and Soviet surgeon, the founder of Russian neurosurgery. He was Surgeon-General of the Red Army (1937–1946), an academician of the USSR Academy of Sciences (from 1939), an academician and the first director of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR (1944–1946), a Hero of Socialist Labor (from 1943), Colonel General of medical services, and a Stalin Prize winner (1941). He was a veteran of the Russo-Japanese War, First World War, Winter War and the German-Soviet War.

Photo of Arkady Vorobyov

9. Arkady Vorobyov (1924 - 2012)

With an HPI of 47.30, Arkady Vorobyov is the 9th most famous Russian Physician.  His biography has been translated into 19 different languages.

Arkady Nikitich Vorobyov (Russian: Аркадий Никитич Воробьёв; 3 October 1924 – 22 December 2012) was a Soviet and Russian weightlifter, weightlifting coach, scientist and writer. He competed at the 1952, 1956 and 1960 Olympics and won one bronze and two gold medals. Between 1950 and 1960 he set 16 official world records. Later for many years he led the national team and the Soviet weightlifting program. In 1995 he was inducted into the International Weightlifting Federation Hall of Fame.

Photo of Yevgeniy Chazov

10. Yevgeniy Chazov (1929 - 2021)

With an HPI of 46.70, Yevgeniy Chazov is the 10th most famous Russian Physician.  His biography has been translated into 18 different languages.

Yevgeniy Ivanovich Chazov (Russian: Евгений Иванович Чазов; 10 June 1929 – 12 November 2021) was a physician of the Soviet Union and Russia, specializing in cardiology, Chief of the Fourth Directorate of the ministry of health, academic of the Russian Academy of Sciences and the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, a recipient of numerous awards and decorations, Soviet, Russian, and foreign.

People

Pantheon has 14 people classified as Russian physicians born between 1832 and 1985. Of these 14, 1 (7.14%) of them are still alive today. The most famous living Russian physicians include Maria Vorontsova. The most famous deceased Russian physicians include Leonid Rogozov, Vera Weizmann, and Eugene Botkin. As of April 2024, 3 new Russian physicians have been added to Pantheon including Vera Weizmann, Nikolai Semashko, and Maria Vorontsova.

Living Russian Physicians

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Deceased Russian Physicians

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Newly Added Russian Physicians (2024)

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Overlapping Lives

Which Physicians were alive at the same time? This visualization shows the lifespans of the 11 most globally memorable Physicians since 1700.