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INVENTOR

Michael S. Hart

1947 - 2011

Photo of Michael S. Hart

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Michael Stern Hart (March 8, 1947 – September 6, 2011) was an American author, best known as the inventor of the e-book and the founder of Project Gutenberg (PG), the first project to make e-books freely available via the Internet. He published e-books via ARPANET years before the Internet existed, and later on BBS networks and Gopher servers. Hart devoted his life after founding PG in 1971 to digitizing and distributing literature from works in the public domain with free and expired copyrights. Read more on Wikipedia

Since 2007, the English Wikipedia page of Michael S. Hart has received more than 159,851 page views. His biography is available in 23 different languages on Wikipedia (up from 22 in 2019). Michael S. Hart is the 263rd most popular inventor (down from 234th in 2019), the 4,254th most popular biography from United States (down from 3,616th in 2019) and the 63rd most popular American Inventor.

Memorability Metrics

  • 160k

    Page Views (PV)

  • 50.94

    Historical Popularity Index (HPI)

  • 23

    Languages Editions (L)

  • 7.44

    Effective Languages (L*)

  • 2.22

    Coefficient of Variation (CV)

Page views of Michael S. Harts by language


Among INVENTORS

Among inventors, Michael S. Hart ranks 263 out of 354. Before him are Tivadar Puskás, Samuel Morland, Cyrus McCormick, Vittorio Jano, Leonardo Torres y Quevedo, and James Nasmyth. After him are Joseph-Armand Bombardier, Walter Clopton Wingfield, Robert Metcalfe, David Bushnell, Yoshiro Nakamatsu, and Peter Madsen.

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Contemporaries

Among people born in 1947, Michael S. Hart ranks 275. Before him are Fernando Savater, Steven Holl, Mary Simon, Peer Steinbrück, Robertino Loreti, and Rita Lee. After him are Viktor Klima, Pete Maravich, Tim Matheson, Salvatore Sciarrino, Riccardo Fogli, and Jean-Christophe Bouvet. Among people deceased in 2011, Michael S. Hart ranks 175. Before him are Josip Katalinski, John Neville, Otakar Vávra, Claude Choules, Ali-Reza Pahlavi, and Alfonso Cano. After him are George Shearing, Ladislav Novák, Lilian Jackson Braun, Wiel Coerver, Erhard Loretan, and M. F. Husain.

Others Born in 1947

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Others Deceased in 2011

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In United States

Among people born in United States, Michael S. Hart ranks 4,254 out of 18,182. Before him are Duane Hanson (1925), June Squibb (1929), Jane Badler (1953), Tiny Tim (1932), Carlos Hathcock (1942), and Anthony Delon (1964). After him are Mary Kenneth Keller (1913), Helen Stephens (1918), Eric Maskin (1950), Willa Cather (1873), Tommy Thayer (1960), and Donn F. Eisele (1930).

Others born in United States

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Among INVENTORS In United States

Among inventors born in United States, Michael S. Hart ranks 63. Before him are Glenn Curtiss (1878), Ray Dolby (1933), Frank Zamboni (1901), Walter Hunt (1796), Eunice Newton Foote (1819), and Cyrus McCormick (1809). After him are Robert Metcalfe (1946), David Bushnell (1742), Lester Allan Pelton (1829), L. L. Langstroth (1810), Edward Lawry Norton (1898), and Jack Northrop (1895).

American born Inventors

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