EXPLORERS from Germany

Top 10

The following people are considered by Pantheon to be the top 10 most legendary German Explorers of all time. This list of famous German Explorers is sorted by HPI (Historical Popularity Index), a metric that aggregates information on a biography’s online popularity. Visit the rankings page to view the entire list of German Explorers.

1. Martin Behaim (1459 - 1507)

With an HPI of 69.34, Martin Behaim is the most famous German Explorer.  His biography has been translated into 36 different languages on wikipedia.

Martin Behaim (6 October 1459 – 29 July 1507), also known as Martin von Behaim and by various forms of Martin of Bohemia, was a German textile merchant and cartographer. He served John II of Portugal as an adviser in matters of navigation and participated in a voyage to West Africa. He is now best known for his Erdapfel, the world's oldest known globe, which he produced for the Imperial City of Nuremberg in 1492.

2. Carsten Niebuhr (1733 - 1815)

With an HPI of 61.30, Carsten Niebuhr is the 2nd most famous German Explorer.  His biography has been translated into 28 different languages.

Carsten Niebuhr, or Karsten Niebuhr (17 March 1733 Lüdingworth – 26 April 1815 Meldorf, Dithmarschen), was a German mathematician, cartographer, and explorer in the service of Denmark-Norway. He is renowned for his participation in the Danish Arabia expedition (1761-1767). He was the father of the Danish-German statesman and historian Barthold Georg Niebuhr, who published an account of his father's life in 1817.

3. Philip Johan von Strahlenberg (1676 - 1747)

With an HPI of 60.97, Philip Johan von Strahlenberg is the 3rd most famous German Explorer.  His biography has been translated into 25 different languages.

Philip Johan von Strahlenberg (1676–1747) was a Swedish officer and geographer of German origin who made important contributions to the cartography of Russia.

4. Heinrich Barth (1821 - 1865)

With an HPI of 60.06, Heinrich Barth is the 4th most famous German Explorer.  His biography has been translated into 37 different languages.

Johann Heinrich Barth (; German: [baʁt]; 16 February 1821 – 25 November 1865) was a German explorer of Africa and scholar. Barth is thought to be one of the greatest of the European explorers of Africa, as his scholarly preparation, ability to speak and write Arabic, learning African languages, and character meant that he carefully documented the details of the cultures he visited. He was among the first to comprehend the uses of oral history of peoples, and collected many. He established friendships with African rulers and scholars during his five years of travel (1850–1855). After the deaths of two European companions, he completed his travels with the aid of Africans. Afterwards, he wrote and published a five-volume account of his travels in both English and German. It has been invaluable for scholars of his time and since.

5. Hans Staden (1525 - 1579)

With an HPI of 59.59, Hans Staden is the 5th most famous German Explorer.  His biography has been translated into 18 different languages.

Hans Staden (c. 1525 – c. 1576) was a German soldier and explorer who voyaged to South America in the middle of the sixteenth century, where he was captured by the Tupinambá people of Brazil. He managed to survive and return safe to Europe. In his widely read True History: An Account of Cannibal Captivity in Brazil, he claimed that the native people that held him captive practiced cannibalism.

6. Adam Olearius (1603 - 1671)

With an HPI of 59.03, Adam Olearius is the 6th most famous German Explorer.  His biography has been translated into 27 different languages.

Adam Olearius (born Adam Ölschläger or Oehlschlaeger, 24 September 1599 – 22 February 1671) was a German scholar, mathematician, geographer and librarian. He became secretary to the ambassador sent by Frederick III, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp, to the Shah of Safavid (Iran), and published two books about the events and observations during his travels.

7. Duke Adolf Friedrich of Mecklenburg (1873 - 1969)

With an HPI of 57.54, Duke Adolf Friedrich of Mecklenburg is the 7th most famous German Explorer.  His biography has been translated into 23 different languages.

Duke Adolf Friedrich Albrecht Heinrich of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (German: Adolf Friedrich Albrecht Heinrich, Herzog zu Mecklenburg-Schwerin; 10 October 1873 – 5 August 1969), was a German explorer in Africa, a colonial politician, and the first president of the National Olympic Committee of West Germany (1949–1951).

8. Gustav Nachtigal (1834 - 1885)

With an HPI of 56.88, Gustav Nachtigal is the 8th most famous German Explorer.  His biography has been translated into 25 different languages.

Gustav Nachtigal (German: [ˈɡʊstaf ˈnaxtɪɡal]; born 23 February 1834 – 20 April 1885) was a German military surgeon and explorer of Central and West Africa. He is further known as the German Empire's consul-general for Tunisia and Commissioner for West Africa. His mission as commissioner resulted in Togoland and Kamerun becoming the first colonies of a German colonial empire. The Gustav-Nachtigal-Medal, awarded by the Berlin Geographical Society, is named after him.

9. John Sutter (1803 - 1880)

With an HPI of 56.60, John Sutter is the 9th most famous German Explorer.  His biography has been translated into 21 different languages.

John Augustus Sutter (February 23, 1803 – June 18, 1880), born Johann August Sutter and known in Spanish as Don Juan Sutter, was a Swiss immigrant who became a Mexican and later an American citizen, known for establishing Sutter's Fort in the area that would eventually become Sacramento, California, the state's capital. His employee James W. Marshall discovered gold, leading to the founding of the mill-making team at Sutter's Mill. Sutter, however, saw his own business ventures fail during the California Gold Rush, though those of his elder son, John Augustus Sutter Jr., were more successful.

10. Wilhelm Filchner (1877 - 1957)

With an HPI of 55.57, Wilhelm Filchner is the 10th most famous German Explorer.  His biography has been translated into 29 different languages.

Wilhelm Filchner (13 September 1877 – 7 May 1957) was a German army officer, scientist and explorer. He conducted several surveys and scientific investigations in China, Tibet and surrounding regions, and led the Second German Antarctic Expedition, 1911–13. As a young military officer, Filchner gained an early reputation for dash and daring, following his travel exploits in Russia and the Pamir Mountains range. After further technical studies, he developed expertise in geography and geophysics, before leading a major scientific survey in Tibet and western China in 1903–05. In 1909 he was appointed to organise and lead the forthcoming German expedition to the Antarctic, with both scientific and geographical objectives involving extensive exploration of the continent's interior. During the expedition his ship became trapped in the Weddell Sea ice, drifting for eight months and preventing Filchner from establishing a land base, thus failing in its main objective. Although important scientific results were obtained, the expedition was disrupted by serious interpersonal disagreements and lasting animosities, which harmed Filchner's reputation as a leader and ended his polar career. After service in the First World War he resumed his travels in Asia. He conducted two lengthy single-handed magnetic surveys in China and Tibet, often in difficult and sometimes dangerous conditions, and was continuing this work when the Second World War began, leaving him stranded in India. After years of internment, he returned to Europe and retired to Zürich, where he died in 1957. During his lifetime he received numerous honours, including the German National Prize for Art and Science in 1937, and several honorary doctorates. He is also commemorated in the Antarctic, where a number of geographical features bear his name.