1503 - 1540
Girolamo Francesco Maria Mazzola (11 January 1503 – 24 August 1540), also known as Francesco Mazzola or, more commonly, as Parmigianino (UK: , US: , Italian: [parmidʒaˈniːno]; "the little one from Parma"), was an Italian Mannerist painter and printmaker active in Florence, Rome, Bologna, and his native city of Parma. His work is characterized by a "refined sensuality" and often elongation of forms and includes Vision of Saint Jerome (1527) and the iconic if somewhat anomalous Madonna with the Long Neck (1534), and he remains the best known artist of the first generation whose whole careers fall into the Mannerist period.His prodigious and individual talent has always been recognised, but his career was disrupted by war, especially the Sack of Rome in 1527, three years after he moved there, and then ended by his death at 37. He produced outstanding drawings, and was one of the first Italian painters to experiment with printmaking himself. Read more on Wikipedia
Since 2007, the English Wikipedia page of Parmigianino has received more than 389,487 page views. His biography is available in 45 different languages on Wikipedia (up from 44 in 2019). Parmigianino is the 127th most popular painter (down from 115th in 2019), the 436th most popular biography from Italy (down from 384th in 2019) and the 37th most popular Italian Painter.
Parmigianino is most famous for his use of chiaroscuro in his paintings.
Page Views (PV)
Historical Popularity Index (HPI)
Languages Editions (L)
Effective Languages (L*)
Coefficient of Variation (CV)
Among painters, Parmigianino ranks 127 out of 1,421. Before him are Mark Rothko, Jan Steen, Charles Le Brun, Jean-Baptiste-Siméon Chardin, Edward Hopper, and Georgia O'Keeffe. After him are Juan Gris, Albrecht Altdorfer, Odilon Redon, John Constable, Franz Marc, and Francis Bacon.
1903 - 1970
HPI: 69.55
Rank: 121
1626 - 1679
HPI: 69.49
Rank: 122
1619 - 1690
HPI: 69.46
Rank: 123
1699 - 1779
HPI: 69.40
Rank: 124
1882 - 1967
HPI: 69.39
Rank: 125
1887 - 1986
HPI: 69.39
Rank: 126
1503 - 1540
HPI: 69.26
Rank: 127
1887 - 1927
HPI: 69.15
Rank: 128
1480 - 1538
HPI: 69.06
Rank: 129
1840 - 1916
HPI: 69.03
Rank: 130
1776 - 1837
HPI: 68.98
Rank: 131
1880 - 1916
HPI: 68.97
Rank: 132
1909 - 1992
HPI: 68.97
Rank: 133
Among people born in 1503, Parmigianino ranks 5. Before him are Nostradamus, Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor, Isabella of Portugal, and Bronzino. After him are Christian III of Denmark, Henry II of Navarre, Anne of Bohemia and Hungary, John Frederick I, Elector of Saxony, Pier Luigi Farnese, Duke of Parma, Robert Estienne, and Thomas Wyatt. Among people deceased in 1540, Parmigianino ranks 2. Before him is John Zápolya. After him are Thomas Cromwell, Angela Merici, Rosso Fiorentino, Juan Luis Vives, Francesco Guicciardini, Federico II Gonzaga, Duke of Mantua, Tristão da Cunha, Guillaume Budé, Joos van Cleve, and Tomé Pires.
1503 - 1566
HPI: 83.96
Rank: 1
1503 - 1564
HPI: 78.90
Rank: 2
1503 - 1539
HPI: 70.18
Rank: 3
1503 - 1572
HPI: 70.03
Rank: 4
1503 - 1540
HPI: 69.26
Rank: 5
1503 - 1559
HPI: 68.22
Rank: 6
1503 - 1555
HPI: 67.35
Rank: 7
1503 - 1547
HPI: 66.79
Rank: 8
1503 - 1554
HPI: 65.80
Rank: 9
1503 - 1547
HPI: 62.27
Rank: 10
1503 - 1559
HPI: 57.14
Rank: 11
1503 - 1542
HPI: 56.26
Rank: 12
1487 - 1540
HPI: 71.32
Rank: 1
1503 - 1540
HPI: 69.26
Rank: 2
1485 - 1540
HPI: 66.90
Rank: 3
1474 - 1540
HPI: 66.23
Rank: 4
1494 - 1540
HPI: 63.83
Rank: 5
1492 - 1540
HPI: 62.86
Rank: 6
1483 - 1540
HPI: 62.79
Rank: 7
1500 - 1540
HPI: 60.56
Rank: 8
1460 - 1540
HPI: 59.74
Rank: 9
1467 - 1540
HPI: 58.15
Rank: 10
1485 - 1540
HPI: 58.09
Rank: 11
1468 - 1540
HPI: 54.99
Rank: 12
Among people born in Italy, Parmigianino ranks 436 out of 4,668. Before him are Gaius Maecenas (-68), Jacopo Peri (1561), Pope Honorius I (585), Pope Symmachus (460), Salvatore Riina (1930), and Roberto Benigni (1952). After him are John Cabot (1450), Pope Zosimus (400), Giulietta Masina (1921), Petronius Maximus (396), Pope Hormisdas (450), and Simonetta Vespucci (1453).
68 BC - 8 BC
HPI: 69.39
Rank: 430
1561 - 1633
HPI: 69.39
Rank: 431
585 - 638
HPI: 69.35
Rank: 432
460 - 514
HPI: 69.35
Rank: 433
1930 - 2017
HPI: 69.31
Rank: 434
1952 - Present
HPI: 69.29
Rank: 435
1503 - 1540
HPI: 69.26
Rank: 436
1450 - 1498
HPI: 69.26
Rank: 437
400 - 418
HPI: 69.24
Rank: 438
1921 - 1994
HPI: 69.21
Rank: 439
396 - 455
HPI: 69.18
Rank: 440
450 - 523
HPI: 69.17
Rank: 441
1453 - 1476
HPI: 69.17
Rank: 442
Among painters born in Italy, Parmigianino ranks 37. Before him are Guido Reni (1575), Simone Martini (1284), Antonio da Correggio (1489), Bronzino (1503), Annibale Carracci (1560), and Umberto Boccioni (1882). After him are Andrea del Sarto (1486), Pontormo (1494), Ambrogio Lorenzetti (1290), Filippino Lippi (1457), Lavinia Fontana (1552), and Gentile Bellini (1429).
1575 - 1642
HPI: 70.44
Rank: 31
1284 - 1344
HPI: 70.15
Rank: 32
1489 - 1534
HPI: 70.14
Rank: 33
1503 - 1572
HPI: 70.03
Rank: 34
1560 - 1609
HPI: 70.02
Rank: 35
1882 - 1916
HPI: 69.76
Rank: 36
1503 - 1540
HPI: 69.26
Rank: 37
1486 - 1530
HPI: 68.71
Rank: 38
1494 - 1557
HPI: 68.37
Rank: 39
1290 - 1348
HPI: 67.90
Rank: 40
1457 - 1504
HPI: 67.78
Rank: 41
1552 - 1614
HPI: 67.69
Rank: 42
1429 - 1507
HPI: 67.48
Rank: 43