PHYSICIST

Ludwig Boltzmann

1844 - 1906

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Ludwig Eduard Boltzmann (German pronunciation: [ˈluːtvɪç ˈbɔlt͡sman]; 20 February 1844 – 5 September 1906) was an Austrian physicist and philosopher. His greatest achievements were the development of statistical mechanics, and the statistical explanation of the second law of thermodynamics. In 1877 he provided the current definition of entropy, S = k B ln ⁡ Ω {\displaystyle S=k_{\rm {B}}\ln \Omega \!} , where Ω is the number of microstates whose energy equals the system's energy, interpreted as a measure of statistical disorder of a system. Read more on Wikipedia

Since 2007, the English Wikipedia page of Ludwig Boltzmann has received more than 1,323,274 page views. His biography is available in 73 different languages on Wikipedia (up from 70 in 2019). Ludwig Boltzmann is the 48th most popular physicist (down from 43rd in 2019), the 55th most popular biography from Austria (up from 56th in 2019) and the 4th most popular Physicist.

Ludwig Boltzmann is most famous for his kinetic theory of gases, which states that the kinetic energy of a gas is proportional to the number of molecules in the gas.

Memorability Metrics

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  • 72.26

    Historical Popularity Index (HPI)

  • 73

    Languages Editions (L)

  • 9.79

    Effective Languages (L*)

  • 3.79

    Coefficient of Variation (CV)

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Among PHYSICISTS

Among physicists, Ludwig Boltzmann ranks 48 out of 717. Before him are Frédéric Joliot-Curie, Ernst Mach, Andrei Sakharov, Thomas Young, James Chadwick, and Johannes Diderik van der Waals. After him are Hermann von Helmholtz, Christian Doppler, Wilhelm Wien, Georges Lemaître, Philipp Lenard, and Heike Kamerlingh Onnes.

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Contemporaries

Among people born in 1844, Ludwig Boltzmann ranks 11. Before him are Anatole France, Paul Verlaine, Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov, Ilya Repin, Bernadette Soubirous, and Henri Rousseau. After him are Peter I of Serbia, Umberto I of Italy, Alexandra of Denmark, Friedrich Ratzel, Mary Cassatt, and Klas Pontus Arnoldson. Among people deceased in 1906, Ludwig Boltzmann ranks 4. Before him are Paul Cézanne, Pierre Curie, and Henrik Ibsen. After him are Christian IX of Denmark, Élie Ducommun, Archduke Otto of Austria, Alexander Stepanovich Popov, Susan B. Anthony, Karl Robert Eduard von Hartmann, Georgy Gapon, and Anton Arensky.

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Others Deceased in 1906

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In Austria

Among people born in Austria, Ludwig Boltzmann ranks 55 out of 1,237. Before him are Alois Hitler (1837), Hedy Lamarr (1914), Otto Skorzeny (1908), Kurt Gödel (1906), Wolfgang Pauli (1900), and Archduke Franz Karl of Austria (1802). After him are Ernst Kaltenbrunner (1903), Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor (1527), Peter Handke (1942), Christian Doppler (1803), Archduchess Gisela of Austria (1856), and Maria Carolina of Austria (1752).

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Among PHYSICISTS In Austria

Among physicists born in Austria, Ludwig Boltzmann ranks 4. Before him are Erwin Schrödinger (1887), Lise Meitner (1878), and Wolfgang Pauli (1900). After him are Christian Doppler (1803), Victor Francis Hess (1883), Otto Robert Frisch (1904), Fritjof Capra (1939), Walter Kohn (1923), Victor Weisskopf (1908), Marietta Blau (1894), and Anton Zeilinger (1945).

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