1925 - 2015
Frei Paul Otto (German: [fʁaɪ ˈʔɔtoː]; 31 May 1925 – 9 March 2015) was a German architect and structural engineer noted for his use of lightweight structures, in particular tensile and membrane structures, including the roof of the Olympic Stadium in Munich for the 1972 Summer Olympics. Otto won the RIBA Royal Gold Medal in 2006 and was awarded the Pritzker Architecture Prize in 2015, shortly before his death. Read more on Wikipedia
Since 2007, the English Wikipedia page of Frei Otto has received more than 288,169 page views. His biography is available in 45 different languages on Wikipedia (down from 46 in 2019). Frei Otto is the 95th most popular architect (down from 73rd in 2019), the 892nd most popular biography from Germany (down from 694th in 2019) and the 9th most popular German Architect.
Frei Otto is most famous for his work in the field of tensile structures. His first major project was the roof of the Munich Olympic Stadium, which was designed to look like a tent and to be supported by air pressure.
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Historical Popularity Index (HPI)
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Effective Languages (L*)
Coefficient of Variation (CV)
Among architects, Frei Otto ranks 95 out of 424. Before him are Arno Breker, Guarino Guarini, Johann Lukas von Hildebrandt, Claude Nicolas Ledoux, Peter Parler, and Peter Eisenman. After him are Luis Barragán, Arata Isozaki, Toyo Ito, Giuliano da Sangallo, Claude Perrault, and Pierre Lescot.
1900 - 1991
HPI: 61.99
Rank: 89
1624 - 1683
HPI: 61.89
Rank: 90
1668 - 1745
HPI: 61.83
Rank: 91
1736 - 1806
HPI: 61.78
Rank: 92
1330 - 1399
HPI: 61.73
Rank: 93
1932 - Present
HPI: 61.67
Rank: 94
1925 - 2015
HPI: 61.64
Rank: 95
1902 - 1988
HPI: 61.60
Rank: 96
1931 - 2022
HPI: 61.59
Rank: 97
1941 - Present
HPI: 61.47
Rank: 98
1445 - 1516
HPI: 61.32
Rank: 99
1613 - 1688
HPI: 61.32
Rank: 100
1515 - 1578
HPI: 61.28
Rank: 101
Among people born in 1925, Frei Otto ranks 63. Before him are Jean Tinguely, Ieng Sary, Michele Ferrero, Alain Touraine, Juan Alberto Schiaffino, and Celia Cruz. After him are Dick Van Dyke, Claude Lanzmann, Francisco Álvarez Martínez, Baruch Samuel Blumberg, Hilda Gadea, and Hal Holbrook. Among people deceased in 2015, Frei Otto ranks 52. Before him are Pierre Brice, James Horner, René Girard, Michele Ferrero, Fatema Mernissi, and Ben E. King. After him are Marshall Rosenberg, Francesco Rosi, Yoichiro Nambu, Mathieu Kérékou, Louis Jourdan, and Yitzhak Navon.
1925 - 1991
HPI: 62.07
Rank: 57
1925 - 2013
HPI: 62.00
Rank: 58
1925 - 2015
HPI: 61.92
Rank: 59
1925 - Present
HPI: 61.80
Rank: 60
1925 - 2002
HPI: 61.78
Rank: 61
1925 - 2003
HPI: 61.67
Rank: 62
1925 - 2015
HPI: 61.64
Rank: 63
1925 - Present
HPI: 61.62
Rank: 64
1925 - 2018
HPI: 61.42
Rank: 65
1925 - 2022
HPI: 61.27
Rank: 66
1925 - 2011
HPI: 61.25
Rank: 67
1925 - 1974
HPI: 61.17
Rank: 68
1925 - 2021
HPI: 61.15
Rank: 69
1929 - 2015
HPI: 62.45
Rank: 46
1953 - 2015
HPI: 62.28
Rank: 47
1923 - 2015
HPI: 62.18
Rank: 48
1925 - 2015
HPI: 61.92
Rank: 49
1940 - 2015
HPI: 61.66
Rank: 50
1938 - 2015
HPI: 61.66
Rank: 51
1925 - 2015
HPI: 61.64
Rank: 52
1934 - 2015
HPI: 61.51
Rank: 53
1922 - 2015
HPI: 61.04
Rank: 54
1921 - 2015
HPI: 60.85
Rank: 55
1933 - 2015
HPI: 60.74
Rank: 56
1921 - 2015
HPI: 60.71
Rank: 57
1921 - 2015
HPI: 60.66
Rank: 58
Among people born in Germany, Frei Otto ranks 892 out of 6,142. Before him are Princess Louise of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg (1800), Joachim II Hector, Elector of Brandenburg (1505), Christoph Martin Wieland (1733), Bruno of Querfurt (970), Wied, Prince of Albania (1876), and Hans-Dietrich Genscher (1927). After him are Gottlob Berger (1896), Engelbert Humperdinck (1854), Günther Rall (1918), Gershom Scholem (1897), Gerhard von Scharnhorst (1755), and Christiane Eberhardine of Brandenburg-Bayreuth (1671).
1800 - 1831
HPI: 61.68
Rank: 886
1505 - 1571
HPI: 61.68
Rank: 887
1733 - 1813
HPI: 61.67
Rank: 888
970 - 1009
HPI: 61.67
Rank: 889
1876 - 1945
HPI: 61.66
Rank: 890
1927 - 2016
HPI: 61.64
Rank: 891
1925 - 2015
HPI: 61.64
Rank: 892
1896 - 1975
HPI: 61.63
Rank: 893
1854 - 1921
HPI: 61.63
Rank: 894
1918 - 2009
HPI: 61.61
Rank: 895
1897 - 1982
HPI: 61.60
Rank: 896
1755 - 1813
HPI: 61.59
Rank: 897
1671 - 1727
HPI: 61.59
Rank: 898
Among architects born in Germany, Frei Otto ranks 9. Before him are Ludwig Mies van der Rohe (1886), Peter Behrens (1868), Karl Friedrich Schinkel (1781), Gottfried Semper (1803), Arno Breker (1900), and Peter Parler (1330). After him are Leo von Klenze (1784), Albert Speer (1934), Robert Koldewey (1855), Hans Scharoun (1893), Ludwig Borchardt (1863), and Gottfried Böhm (1920).
1886 - 1969
HPI: 71.57
Rank: 3
1868 - 1940
HPI: 67.83
Rank: 4
1781 - 1841
HPI: 67.80
Rank: 5
1803 - 1879
HPI: 63.00
Rank: 6
1900 - 1991
HPI: 61.99
Rank: 7
1330 - 1399
HPI: 61.73
Rank: 8
1925 - 2015
HPI: 61.64
Rank: 9
1784 - 1864
HPI: 60.10
Rank: 10
1934 - 2017
HPI: 59.34
Rank: 11
1855 - 1925
HPI: 59.07
Rank: 12
1893 - 1972
HPI: 58.80
Rank: 13
1863 - 1938
HPI: 57.76
Rank: 14
1920 - 2021
HPI: 57.49
Rank: 15